三维机械CAD系统中的参数化特征库技术

介绍了在三维机械CAD系统Solid Edge中，建立常用零件参数化特征库的技术以及参数化特征的使用方法，着重探讨了将驱动尺寸与变量表结合起来提高常用零件建模效率的技术。     

用例研究与应用综述

用例不仅成为软件需求获取中最为重要的技术,而且已经成为软件工程、软件开发方法学、软件体系结构等诸多研究领域的热点。本文从用例的实现、描述和形式化、重用和重构、粒度、用例应用于非功能性需求、跟踪性、用例的评审和检测、用例支持新型软件开发技术、用例支持工具的开发等九个方面回顾了近十年用例研究的状况,对用例研究的进展和涉及的应用领域进行了较系统地归纳,着重提出了用例有待深入研究和解决的问题。     

Tropical Tree Growth and Longevity: Validation of Growth Simulation,a Bootstrapping Model

ABSTRACT

Growth Simulation, an analytical modeling technique, has been increasingly used in ecological studies and practical forestry applications where dendrochronology is not applicable. The technique uses randomly sampled diameter increments from tagged trees over a known time interval to assemble a statistical sample of lifetime growth trajectories. We carried out a validation of Growth Simulation using a temperate species in order to compare indirect model outputs with direct tree ring analysis. Rings were measured on sample disks cut from 55 pine branches ranging in age from 8–36 years. Assessments included lifetime growth rates, growth rate with respect to diameter and age, periodic annual increment (PAI), cross-referencing of rings by date, and autocorrelation of growth over successive periods. Tree ring analysis and Growth Simulation showed close correspondence for all parameters tested (maximum, median, and minimum growth rates; longevity estimates). Growth Simulation is found to be a robust and informative technique for studies of tropical tree growth, and is especially useful where analysis of tree rings is not feasible or when bootstrapping analysis of ring data is of interest.     

基于成组技术思想的双颚板散货抓斗仿真综合建模

提出了一种基于成组技术思想,针对不同类型双颚板散货抓斗工作过程计算机仿真的综合建模方法。用同一模型同时描述三种不同类型的抓斗,通过改变初始输入条件,来反映不同抓斗的工作规律。     

Economic evaluation of forest drainage and fertilization in northern Ontario peatlands with an investment decision model

Drainage and fertilization of an existing peatland black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) stand and 24 possible methods of planting a clear-cut area near Cochrane, Ontario were evaluated by means of a recently developed forestry investment decision model, FIDME.Results indicate that, on the basis of the cost estimates used and assumptions made, drainage of the existing stand is the most economical treatment if it can reduce the rotation age by 30 years or more. Drainage combined with fertilization is the second best alternative if this treatment can reduce the rotation age by 40 years or more. Fertilization of the undrained site ranks a distant third, and then only if it reduces the rotation age by 10 years; otherwise, it will be uneconomical to apply.In the case of the clear-cut area, planting bare-root stock on a mechanically prepared but undrained site without weed control ranked first among the 24 alternatives considered; the same treatment, but with weed control included, ranked second. Planting containerized seedlings on a mechanically prepared but undrained site with weed control ranked third, followed by planting bare-root stock on a mechanically prepared and drained site with weed control. In contrast, planting containerized seedlings on an unprepared site and with no weed control ranked as the least cost-effective method considered.     

Height–diameter equations for boreal tree species in Ontario using a mixed-effects modeling approach

Height–diameter relationships based on stand characteristics (trees/ha, basal area, and dominant stand height) were investigated for balsam fir, balsam poplar, black spruce, jack pine, red pine, trembling aspen, white birch, and white spruce using data from permanent growth study plots in northern Ontario, Canada. Approximately half the data were used to estimate model parameters with the rest used for model evaluation. Multiple Chapman–Richards functions with parameters expressed in terms of various stand characteristics were fit to determine the best models for predicting height.     

烟草花几何建模研究

为实现花冠联合植物的花朵几何建模,以烟草花为例,提出了一种基于球B样条曲线和参数曲面的花朵造型方法。通过对烟草花形态结构的观测分析,分别对雌蕊、雄蕊、花柄、花冠和花萼的几何形状进行了数学描述,提取了模型控制参数;结合颜色渲染色和整个花的拓扑信息,实现了烟草花整个模型的建立。实验结果表明,该方法可以有效地对烟草花进行模拟,可控性强,建立的模型有较高真实感,为其他花冠或花萼联合的植物几何建模提供了方法。     

Evaluation of the RZWQM-CERES-Maize hybrid model for maize production

The root zone water quality model (RZWQM) was developed primarily for water quality research with a generic plant growth module primarily serving as a sink for plant nitrogen and water uptake. In this study, we coupled the CERES-Maize Version 3.5 crop growth model with RZWQM to provide RZWQM users with the option for selecting a more comprehensive plant growth model. In the hybrid model, RZWQM supplied CERES with daily soil water and nitrogen contents, soil temperature, and potential evapotranspiration, in addition to daily weather data. CERES-Maize supplied RZWQM with daily water and nitrogen uptake, and other plant growth variables (e.g., root distribution and leaf area index). The RZWQM-CERES hybrid model was evaluated with two well-documented experimental datasets distributed with DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer) Version 3.5, which had various nitrogen and irrigation treatments. Simulation results were compared to the original DSSAT-CERES-Maize model. Both models used the same plant cultivar coefficients and the same soil parameters as distributed with DSSAT Version 3.5. The hybrid model provided similar maize prediction in terms of yield, biomass and leaf area index, as the DSSAT-CERES model when the same soil and crop parameters were used. No overall differences were found between the two models based on the paired t test, suggesting successful coupling of the two models. The hybrid model offers RZWQM users access to a rigorous new plant growth model and provides CERES-Maize users with a tool to address soil and water quality issues under different cropping systems.     

基于切比雪夫多项式的数控机床几何误差参数化建模

为了快速精确地建立机床几何误差项数学模型,提出了一种基于切比雪夫多项式的参数化建模方法。首先针对测量得到的机床基本几何项数据,将机床相应运动轴进给量转化为切比雪夫变量。其次将切比雪夫变量代入不同阶次的切比雪夫多项式得到相应的值。然后根据切比雪夫基函数值和切比雪夫变量用多元线性回归方法获得相应的系数,得到关于切比雪夫基函数的数学模型。最后将运动轴进给量与切比雪夫变量之间的转化关系代入得到基本几何误差项的数学模型。建模过程简单且易程序化,切比雪夫多项式的高逼近精度使得建立的模型精度高。将所有几何误差项参数化模型代入机床几何误差模型综合数学模型,从而可得到机床工作空间几何误差场分布。以MV-5A三轴立式加工中心为例,将各个几何误差项参数化模型代入机床几何误差模型中得到该机床综合几何误差数学模型,进而得到该机床工作空间几何误差场分布,为机床设计和误差补偿提供了理论依据。     

田园管理机悬架部分的建模及仿真

主要介绍了虚拟制造技术在田园管理机悬架上的应用,并对田园管理机械的应用及特点作了介绍。针对目前的田园管理机的悬架存在的问题进行了研究,利用大型的三维建模软件Pro/E建立了悬架的三维模型,采用Pro/E与Adams之间的接口程序mech/pro将模型从Pro/E导入Adams,再进行动力学分析,模拟悬架在工作时各个部分的受力及运动状态,为进一步优化分析提供了依据。